Carbinoxamine: Indication, Dosage, Side Effect, Precaution

This information is not country-specific. Please refer to the Indonesia prescribing information.

Generic Medicine Info

Indications and Dosage

Oral
Allergic conditions

Adult: As immediate-release tab/soln: 4-8 mg 3-4 times daily. As extended-release susp: 6-16 mg 12 hrly. Dosage should be individualised based on response and severity of condition.
Elderly: Initiate at lower end of dosing range.
Child: As immediate-release preparation: 2-5 yr As soln: 1-2 mg 3-4 times daily; 6-11 yr As tab/soln: 2-4 mg 3-4 times daily; ≥12 yr Same as adult dose. As extended-release susp: 2-3 yr 3-4 mg 12 hrly; 4-5 yr 3-8 mg 12 hrly; 6-11 yr 6-12 mg 12 hrly; ≥12 yr Same as adult dose.

Administration

Should be taken with food.

Contraindications

Concomitant use w/ MAOIs. Childn <2 yr. Lactation.

Special Precautions

Patient w/ asthma, increased intraocular pressure, narrow angle glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, CV disease, HTN, stenosing peptic ulcer, prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck and pyloroduodenal obstructions. Elderly. Pregnancy.

Adverse Reactions

Urticaria, rash, anaphylactic shock, photosensitivity, excessive perspiration, chills, dry mouth, nose, and throat; epigastric distress, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation; hypotension, headache, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystoles; fatigue, confusion, restlessness, excitation, nervousness, tremor, irritability, insomnia, euphoria, paraesthesia, blurred vision, diplopia, vertigo, tinnitus, acute labyrinthitis, hysteria, neuritis, convulsion, sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, disturbed coordination; increased uric acid levels; chest tightness, wheezing, nasal stuffiness, thickening of bronchial secretions; urinary frequency, difficult urination, urinary retention, early menses; haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis.

Pregnancy Category (US FDA)

PO: C

Patient Counseling Information

This drug may cause drowsiness and impaired mental or physical ability, if affected, do not drive or operate machinery.

Overdosage

Symptoms: Fixed and dilated pupils, dry mouth, flushing, GI symptoms, hallucinations, convulsions. Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. Employ activated charcoal and gastric lavage after ingestion of potentially life-threatening amount. Treat severe antimuscarinic effects w/ physostigmine. Treat hypotension w/ vasopressors.

Drug Interactions

May increase the effect of other antihistamines, barbiturates, TCAs, and CNS depressants (e.g. hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilisers).
Potentially Fatal: MAOIs (e.g. phenelzine, tranylcypromine, selegiline) may prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effects of carbinoxamine.

Food Interaction

May increase the effect of alcohol.

Action

Description:
Mechanism of Action: Carbinoxamine, an ethanolamine derivative, is a sedating antihistamine w/ antimuscarinic and significant sedative properties. It competes w/ histamine in binding to H₁-receptors on effector cells in the resp tract, blood vessels, and GI tract.
Duration: Approx 4 hr (immediate-release).
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Well absorbed from the GI tract. Time to peak plasma concentration: 1.5-5 hr.
Metabolism: Extensively metabolised in the liver.
Excretion: Via urine (as inactive metabolites). Elimination half-life: 10-20 hr.

Chemical Structure

Storage

Store between 15-30°C. Protect from light.

MIMS Class

Antihistamines & Antiallergics

ATC Classification

R06AA08 - carbinoxamine ; Belongs to the class of aminoalkyl ethers used as systemic antihistamines.

References

Anon. Carbinoxamine. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 15/11/2016.

Buckingham R (ed). Carbinoxamine Maleate. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 15/11/2016.

Carbinoxamine Maleate Tablet and Syrup (Breckenridge Pharamaceutical, Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 15/11/2016.

Karbinal ER Suspension, Extended Release (FSC Laboratories, Inc). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 15/11/2016.

McEvoy GK, Snow EK, Miller J et al (eds). Carbinoxamine Maleate. AHFS Drug Information (AHFS DI) [online]. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 15/11/2016.

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