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Indications and Dosage
Oral
Allergic conditions Adult: 2 mg 4-6 hourly. Max: 12 mg daily.
Child: 2-5 years 0.5 mg 4-6 hourly; 6-12 years 1 mg 4-6 hourly; >12 years Same as adult dose. |
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Administration
May be taken with or without food.
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Contraindications
Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, and asthma. Newborns or premature infants. Lactation. Concomitant or within 14 days of MAOI use.
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Special Precautions
Patient with CV disease (e.g. hypertension, ischemic heart disease), narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction, pyloroduodenal obstruction, stenosing peptic ulcer, and thyroid dysfunction. Children and elderly. Pregnancy.
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Adverse Reactions
Significant: CNS depression.
Eye disorders: Mydriasis, dry eyes. Gastrointestinal disorders: Dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea. Nervous system disorders: Sedation, headache, dizziness, confusion, excitability, hallucinations, seizures. Renal and urinary disorders: Urinary retention. Vascular disorders: Hypotension. |
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Patient Counseling Information
This drug may cause drowsiness, if affected, do not drive or operate machinery.
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Overdosage
Symptoms: Sedation, apnoea, arrhythmias, CV collapse, cyanosis, decreased mental alertness; paradoxical excitation of the CNS (children), hallucinations, insomnia, tremors; blurred vision, dizziness, hypotension, tinnitus; dry mouth, fixed dilated pupils, flushing, gastrointestinal symptoms, and hyperthermia. Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. Immediately induce vomiting. Administer saline cathartics (e.g. milk of magnesia) to dilute gastrointestinal contents. May give vasopressors to treat hypotension.
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Drug Interactions
Increased sedative effects with opioid analgesics, sedatives, and hypnotics. Increased anticholinergic activity with TCAs.
Potentially Fatal: Increased anticholinergic effects with MAOIs. |
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Food Interaction
Increased CNS depression with alcohol.
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Action
Description:
Mechanism of Action: Dexchlorpheniramine is the dextrorotatory isomer of chlorphenamine with approximately twice its activity by weight. It competes with free histamine for binding at the H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and the blood vessels. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Time to peak plasma concentration: Approx 3 hours. Metabolism: Metabolised in the liver. Excretion: Via urine. Elimination half-life: 20-30 hours. |
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Chemical Structure
 Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 33036, Dexchlorpheniramine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dexchlorpheniramine. Accessed July 29, 2020. |
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Storage
Store below 25°C. Protect from light.
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MIMS Class
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ATC Classification
R06AB02 - dexchlorpheniramine ; Belongs to the class of substituted alkylamines used as systemic antihistamines.
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References
Anon. Chlorpheniramine. AHFS Clinical Drug Information [online]. Bethesda, MD. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. https://www.ahfscdi.com. Accessed 03/07/2020. Anon. Dexchlorpheniramine. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 03/07/2020. Bayer New Zealand Limited. Polaramine Tablets, Film Coated and Syrup Data Sheet 2 December 2017. Medsafe. http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/. Accessed 03/07/2020. Buckingham R (ed). Chlorphenamine Maleate. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 03/07/2020. Dexchloramine Syrup (Duopharma Manufacturing [Bangi] Sdn Bhd.). National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency - Ministry of Health Malaysia. https://www.npra.gov.my/. Accessed 22/07/2020. Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate Solution (Foxland Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 03/07/2020.
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