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Oncology
Top Medical News
Researchers from the KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore found that sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is an acceptable and safe alternative to routine lymphadenectomy in the surgical staging of early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC).
Antiviral therapy is associated with substantial improvements long-term survival overall (OS) but severely underutilized after curative hepatic resection in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)– or hepatitis C virus (HCV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a real-world study involving predominantly Asian patients has shown.
The next-generation ROS1 and TRK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) repotrectinib has demonstrated high response rates and durable activity in patients with ROS1 fusion–positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), regardless of whether they have previously received ROS1 TKI therapy, according to phase II results of the ongoing registrational TRIDENT-1 trial.
Primary tumour resection (PTR) in combination with chemotherapy (C) appears beneficial to a specific subgroup of patients with unresectable colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis (UCR-MAC-LM) compared with PTR or C alone, suggests a study.
Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbots can potentially improve healthcare, particularly in answering questions by patients regarding cancer, reveals a recent study.
Restarting treatment with maintenance olaparib in ovarian cancer patients who had received one prior poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor and at least two lines of platinum-based chemotherapy results in a modest but significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) compared with placebo, results of a phase III study have shown.
Testicular cancer survivors (TCSs) demonstrate similar health-related quality of life (HRQoL) to that of the general population at a median of 28 years since treatment initiation, reports a study.
Special Reports
Dual blockade of KRASG12C and EGFR may overcome treatment resistance in KRASG12C-mutated colorectal cancer (CRC). At the European Society for Medical Oncology Congress 2023 (ESMO 2023), Dr Filippo Pietrantonio of the Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy, presented primary results of the phase III CodeBreaK 300 trial, which demonstrated significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) with sotorasib in combination with panitumumab vs standard care with trifluridine plus tipiracil (T/T) or regorafenib in patients with chemorefractory metastatic CRC (mCRC) harbouring a KRASG12C mutation. Discussant Professor Miriam Koopman of Department of Medical Oncology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands, shared her insights into the trial.
Polycythaemia vera (PV) is associated with increased risk of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic complications that negatively impact patients’ quality of life (QoL) and disease prognosis. Unfortunately, PV patients may become intolerant of or resistant to current standard therapies, underscoring the need for effective alternative treatments. At the 2023 Asian Myeloid Malignancies Exchange Forum, Professor Claire Harrison of Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, discussed unmet needs in PV management and implications of the superior clinical and molecular responses associated with the Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, in PV patients intolerant of or refractory to standard care.
A 68-year-old male patient presented with bone pain at multiple sites in November 2022. He did not have any other symptoms. He had hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which were well controlled with amlodipine besylate 5 mg BID and metformin 1 g BID, respectively. He was generally well and had a baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0.
An 80-year-old male presented with rectal bleeding and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA; 100 ng/mL) in October 2021. Biopsy of rectal tissue showed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Molecular testing found that the disease was microsatellite instability (MSI)–stable, with no targetable mutations; tumour mutational burden was zero. His Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) score was 1.
An 80-year-old female on antihypertensive treatment was initially referred to the clinic in 2018 due to high lymphocyte count. She had 1 year’s history of fatigue, reduced appetite and mild weight loss, but no fever or night sweats. At presentation, her white blood cell (WBC) count, haemoglobin level and platelet count were 84 x 109/L, 9.1 g/dL and 162 x 109/L, respectively.
A 62-year-old male presented with progressive dysphagia of 1 month in March 2023. Initially, he had difficulty swallowing solid food. At the time of presentation, he had begun to struggle with liquids as well. The patient had been a chronic smoker and alcohol drinker for >20 years, but otherwise had an unremarkable past medical history.
A 52-year-old male former smoker presented with cough and haemoptysis in September 2022. Upon examination, he was not dyspnoeic and did not require supplemental oxygen. He had type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
Conference Reports
Adding sotorasib to panitumumab significantly improves progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with chemorefractory KRAS G12C-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) compared with investigator’s choice of standard of care treatment, according to the CodeBreaK 300 trial presented at ESMO Asia 2023.
Sacituzumab govitecan improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in Asian patients with HR+/HER2– metastatic breast cancer (mBC) compared with the treatment of physician’s choice (TPC*), according to the EVER-132-002 study presented at ESMO Asia 2023.
Breast cancer survivors who are at least 50 years of age appear to do well with less frequent mammographic surveillance, with survival outcomes being no worse than with annual mammograms, according to data from the phase III Mammo-50 trial.
For postmenopausal women with genomically defined low-risk stage I breast cancer who have been initiated on endocrine therapy immediately after breast-conserving surgery, the risk of recurrence is low despite the omission of radiation therapy, as shown in the IDEA* trial.
The addition of carfilzomib to lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd) improved outcomes in individuals with newly diagnosed fit or intermediate-fit multiple myeloma who are transplant ineligible (NTE NDMM) as opposed to Rd only in the phase III EMN20 trial.
The addition of capivasertib (C) to fulvestrant (F) results in better health-related quality of life (HRQoL), except for diarrhoea, in patients with aromatase inhibitor-resistant HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer when compared to placebo plus F, according to the phase III CAPItello-291 study presented at SABCS 2023.
Body mass index (BMI) has some bearing on the efficacy of different adjuvant chemotherapy schedules in patients with early breast cancer, suggest the results of the GIM2 study, which were presented at the recent SABCS 2023. Additionally, dose-dense (DD) chemotherapy appears to be the better treatment strategy regardless of a patient’s BMI.
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