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Pancreatic%20cancer Signs and Symptoms
- 13th most common cancer in the world
- 10th most common cancer in the United States (US)
- 4th leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US and 7th in Europe
- Exocrine tumors account for 95% of malignant pancreatic disease and these are adenocarcinomas
- 30% more common in men than in women
- Median age of diagnosis: 70 years
- Most highly fatal cancer: Overall 5-year survival rate is approximately 10%
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Presentation % of Patients at Initial Diagnosis Median Survival Rate Resectable/borderline resectable 15-20% 20-24 months Locally advanced/unresectable 25-30% 8-14 months Metastatic disease 50-60% 4-6 months - Most common anatomic location: 80% head, 15% body, 5% tail of the pancreas
Signs and Symptoms
- Jaundice
- Common in patients with malignancy in the head of the pancreas
- Abdominal pain
- Common in patients with tumors located in the body and tail of the pancreas
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Back pain
- Symptoms secondary to compression caused by the tumor:
- Nausea/vomiting
- Anorexia
- Dyspepsia
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Symptoms caused by biliary obstruction:
- Dark urine
- Lightly colored-grayish stool
- Pruritus
- Infections (cholangitis, pancreatitis)
- Scleral icterus
- Symptoms caused by pancreatic enzyme insufficiency:
- Malabsorption
- Fatty stools
- Increased flatulence
- Ascites
- Weight loss
Risk Factors
High Risk
- Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM)
- Hereditary pancreatitis
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- >3 1st-degree relatives diagnosed with pancreatic cancer
- 2 1st-degree relatives diagnosed with pancreatic cancer
- Cystic fibrosis
- Chronic pancreatitis
- BRCA2 mutation carrier
- PALB2 mutation carrier
- Cigarette smoking
- Diabetes mellitus (DM)
- Obesity/increased body mass index (BMI)
- Occupational exposure to chemicals (eg beta-naphthylamine, benzidine)
- Heavy alcohol consumption
- One 1st-degree relative diagnosed with pancreatic cancer
- Increased consumption of red/processed meat and dairy products
- Low intake of fruits and vegetables
- Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
- History of gallstones and H pylori infection
- BRCA1 mutation carrier
- Familial adenomatous polyposis
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Lynch syndrome
