Gonorrhea%20-%20uncomplicated%20anogenital%20infection Signs and Symptoms

Signs and Symptoms

Introduction

It is one of the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infections that may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) leading to infertility or ectopic pregnancy

Definition

Gonorrhea is a sexually or vertically transmitted infection secondary to Gram-negative diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Signs and Symptoms

Most of the infected females are asymptomatic, but may present with:
- Increased or altered vaginal discharge - most common
- Dysuria
- Urethral discharge
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Vulval itching or burning
- Dyspareunia
- Conjunctivitis
- Proctitis

Risk Factors

<25 years old
Unmarried
History of previous or concurrent sexually transmitted infection (STI)
New or >1 sex partner in the last 3 months
Sex partner currently has an STI
Sex partner with concurrent partners
Inconsistent use of condom
Street involvement (youth on the streets, sex workers)
Injection drug use
Commercial sex worker

First-line androgen receptor inhibitor plus low-dose prednisolone in a patient with mCRPC and comorbidities

Prof. Chi-Fai Ng, 30 May 2023

A 69-year-old male presented with lower limb weakness and urinary retention in February 2018 and was admitted to the orthopaedic ward. He had a history of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, which were controlled with lisinopril and simvastatin, respectively.

Optimizing metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treatment in advanced prostate cancer

Assoc Prof. Darren Poon, Assoc Prof. Edmund Chiong, 14 Jan 2021

Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) refers to the condition whereby patients have metastatic prostate cancer and no prior hormonal therapy or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Typically, patients with mHSPC have been treated with ADT alone, following which, the overwhelming majority develop castration resistance over time and head towards eventual mortality. In recent years, the publication of various landmark trials has prompted dramatic changes in the mHSPC treatment landscape, and had favourably impacted overall survival (OS) in these patients. At a recent webinar, A/Prof Darren Poon, Honorary Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, and Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, reviewed treatment options in mHSPC, while A/Prof Edmund Chiong, Head and Senior Consultant, Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, presented a case which was discussed by an esteemed panel of experts. This webinar was jointly organized by the Singapore Society of Oncology and the Singapore Urological Association, and supported by Astellas.

An elderly patient with metastatic CRPC treated with a new-generation androgen receptor inhibitor

Dr. Conrad Lee, 30 Jul 2019

A 76-year-old patient was referred to a urologist with the finding of raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA; 10.5 µg/L) in 2007. Prostate biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 8 (4+4).