Benign%20prostatic%20hyperplasia Signs and Symptoms

Signs and Symptoms

Introduction

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a histopathological diagnosis characterized by epithelial cell and smooth muscle proliferation in the transition zone of the prostate leading to a non-malignant enlargement of the gland, which may result in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including voiding and storage symptoms
Common disease of aging men; can be asymptomatic
Two phases where prostate doubles its size:
- At puberty
- 25 years old and beyond

Etiology

The exact cause of BPH is still not well understood
- May be due to male androgenic steroid hormones or age-related increases in sympathetic tone

Signs and Symptoms

Dribbling at the end of urination
Nocturia
Pain after ejaculation or urination
Weak or interrupted urine stream
Straining or trouble starting a urine stream
Urinary frequency
Urinary urgency
Urinary retention
Urinary incontinence
Urine with unusual smell or color

Risk Factors

Age ≥40 years old
Family history of BPH
Medical conditions such as obesity, heart and circulatory disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)
Lack of physical exercise

First-line androgen receptor inhibitor plus low-dose prednisolone in a patient with mCRPC and comorbidities

Prof. Chi-Fai Ng, 30 May 2023

A 69-year-old male presented with lower limb weakness and urinary retention in February 2018 and was admitted to the orthopaedic ward. He had a history of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, which were controlled with lisinopril and simvastatin, respectively.

Optimizing metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treatment in advanced prostate cancer

Assoc Prof. Darren Poon, Assoc Prof. Edmund Chiong, 14 Jan 2021

Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) refers to the condition whereby patients have metastatic prostate cancer and no prior hormonal therapy or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Typically, patients with mHSPC have been treated with ADT alone, following which, the overwhelming majority develop castration resistance over time and head towards eventual mortality. In recent years, the publication of various landmark trials has prompted dramatic changes in the mHSPC treatment landscape, and had favourably impacted overall survival (OS) in these patients. At a recent webinar, A/Prof Darren Poon, Honorary Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, and Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, reviewed treatment options in mHSPC, while A/Prof Edmund Chiong, Head and Senior Consultant, Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, presented a case which was discussed by an esteemed panel of experts. This webinar was jointly organized by the Singapore Society of Oncology and the Singapore Urological Association, and supported by Astellas.

An elderly patient with metastatic CRPC treated with a new-generation androgen receptor inhibitor

Dr. Conrad Lee, 30 Jul 2019

A 76-year-old patient was referred to a urologist with the finding of raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA; 10.5 µg/L) in 2007. Prostate biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 8 (4+4).